| Peer-Reviewed

Epidemiology of Otomycosis at the Military Hospital Avicenne of Marrakech (Morocco)

Received: 20 June 2019     Accepted: 11 July 2019     Published: 18 September 2019
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Otomycosis is a fungal infection mainly affecting the outer ear, but can spread to the in nerear and become severe. The disease can cause a serious damage for its recurrence and resistance to treatment. The purpose of this work is to determine the prevalence of otomycosis in first place, then in second place to specify the contributing factors and to describe the spectrum of fungi involved. We conducted a prospective study over a period of 6 months between March 2018 and August 2018 in laboratory of parasitology and mycology at the Military Hospital Avicenna of Marrakech. Fore ach patient we performed an atrial sampling with sterile swabs. A direct examination and culture on Sabouraud-Chloramphenicol media with and without cycloheximide were carried out. The identification of fungi was based on the macroscopic, microscopic and phenotypic characteristics of colonies. Our study included 67 patients, of which 28 were positive, giving an overall prevalence of 41% with female predominance. The average age of our patients was 40 years old. Many factors enhanced the otomycosis, the daily cleaning of the external ear canal was the most recurrent factor (46%), followed by frequent bathing (35%). The most common species were Aspergillus niger (46%), Aspergillus flavus (35%), and Candida albicans (17%). This study demonstrates the importance of otomycosis in the etiologies of otitis in our population. The management of these infections must include a mycological study in order to establish an antifungal therapy adapted to the pathogen.

Published in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.plm.20190301.14
Page(s) 19-22
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Otomycosis, Favoring Factors, Otorrhea, Aspergillus sp, Candida sp

References
[1] Anaissie EJ, Mc Ginnis MR, Pfaller MA, editors. Clinical Mycology. 2nd Edition. Philadelphia: Churchill Living stone; 2009.
[2] Benzarti S, Bensliman S, Akkari K, Benyahia M, Miled I, Othmani S, Achour A, Chebbi MK. L’oreille du diabétique, Étude prospective (à propos de 200 cas), J T unORL 2003; 6: 1-4.
[3] Ette-Akre E, Folquet-Amorissani M, Ahonzo-Yavo C, Tanon-Anoh MJ, Akre A. Profil épidémiologique de l’otite externe à Abidjan. Med Afr Noire 2008; 55: 13-16.
[4] Kaur R, Mittal N, Kakkar M, Aggarwal AK, Mathur MD. Otomycosis: a clinic omycologic study. Ear Nose Throat J. 2000; 79: 606-9.
[5] Malard O, Beauvillain deMontreuil C, Legent F. Pathologie acquise de l’oreille externe. Oto-rhino-laryngologie. 1999. P7.
[6] Aboulmakarim S, Tligui H, ElMrini M, Zakaria I, Handour N, Agoumi A. Otomycoses: étude clinique et mycologique de 70 cas. J Mycol Med. 2010; 20: 48-52.
[7] Adoubryn KD, N’Gattia VK et al. Épidémiologie des otomycoses au centre hospitalier et universitaire de Yopougon (Abidjan-Côted’Ivoire). J Mycol Med 2013 (Article in press).
[8] NwaBuisi C, Ologe FE. The fungal profile of otomycosis patients in Ilorin, Nigeria. Niger J Med. 2001; 10: 124-126.
[9] Rajeshwari Prabhakar R, Rishmitha R. A Mycologic Study of Otomycosis in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Karnataka, India. Inter J Cont Med Res. 2016: 1918-1920.
[10] Bambule G, Savary M, Grigoriu D. Les otomycoses. Annoto-laryngol. 1982; 99: 243-245.
[11] Pak MW, Soo G, Hasselt CA. Flourishing otomycosis. Ear Nose Throat J. 1997; 76: 10.
[12] Farahnaz B, Gholamreza I, Seyed KK et al. A study on the frequency of fungal agents in otitis externain Semnan (Iran). Iran J Pathol. 2006; 1: 141-4.
[13] Hueso GP, Jiménez AS, Gil-Carcedo SE, Gil-Carcedo LM. Ramos SC, Vallejo LA. Presumed diagnosis: Otomycosis: A study of 451 patients. Acta Otorhinolaringol. 2005; 56: 181-186.
[14] Fasunla J, Ibekwe T, Onakoya P. Otomycosis in Western Nigeria. Mycoses. 2008; 51: 67-70.
[15] Yavo W, Kassi RR, Kiki-Barro PC, Bamba A, Kple T, Menan EI, Ehouo F, Kone M. Prévalence et facteurs de risqué pour les otomycoses traitées à l’hôpital d’Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire). Med Trop. 2004; 64: 39-42.
[16] Chandra PS, Kotigadde S, Shekhar M, Dinaker Thada N, Prashanth P, D’Souza T, andal. Primary Otomycosis in the Indian Subcontinent: Predisposing Factors, Microbiology, and Classification. Int J Microbiol. 2014.
[17] Baujat B, De Minteguiaga C, Lecanu JB. Is sudden sensorineural hearing loss a therapeutic emergency? Early results in a prospective cohort of 136 patients. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervico fac. 2002; 119: 3-11.
[18] Kurnatowski P, Filipiak A. Otomycosis: prevalence, clinical symptoms, therapeutic procedure. Mycoses. 2001; 44: 472-9.
[19] Malard O, Daculsi G, Toquet J et al. Autografts versus biomaterials for ossiculoplasty with normal stapes;a comprarative analysis of functional outcome in 100 cases. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervico fac. 2001; 188: 255-31.
[20] Ozcan MK, Ozcan M, Karaarslan A, Karaarslan F. Otomycosis in Turkey: predisposing factors, etiology and therapy. J Laryngol Otol. 2003; 117: 39-42.
[21] Bineshian F, Irajian G, Koochak-Alavi SK, Fredonian MR. Astudy on the frequency of fungal agents in otitis externain Semnan. Iran J Pathol. 2006; 1: 141-4.
[22] Paulose KO, AlKhalifa S, Shenoy P, Sharma RK. Mycotic infection of the ear (otomycosis): a prospective study. J Laryngol Otol. 1989; 103: 30-5.
[23] Garcia MP, Delgado D, Marin P, Mira J. Analysis of 40 cases of otomycosis. Enferm Infect Microbiol Clin. 1993; 11: 487-9.
[24] Meradji A, Zeroug S, Touabti A. Les otomycoses: etude épidémiologique et mycologique au CHU Saadna-Abdenour de Sétif. J Mycol Med. 2014: 126.
[25] Pontes ZB, Silva AD, Lima E, Guerra M, Oliviera N, Carvalho M, anda l. Otomycosis: a retrospective study. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2009; 75: 367-70.
[26] Ouedraogo Richard WL. Otomycoses dans le service d’orl du chu yalgado ouedraogo de Ouagadougou: aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques. Rev. CAMESSANTE Vol. 3, N°1, Juillet 2015.
[27] Lecanu JB, Erminy M, Faulcon P, Théoleyre B. Otomycose. Otorinolaringoiatria. 2009; 8 (2): 1-8.
[28] Araiza J, Canseco P, Bonifaz A. Otomycosis: clinical and mycological study of 97 cases. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord). 2006; 127: 251-4.
[29] Fayemiwo SA, Ogunleye VO, Adeosun AA, Bakare RA. Prevalence of otomycosis in Ibadan: a review of laboratory reports. Afr J Med Med Sci 2010; 39 Suppl: 219—22.
[30] Kazemi AH, Majidinia M, Jaafari A, Ayatollahi Mousavi SA, Mahmoudabadi AZ, Alikhah H. Etiologic Agents of Otomycosis in the North-Western Area of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2015; 8: 217-76.
[31] Garcia-Agudo L, Aznar-Marin P, Galan-Sanchez F, Garcıa-Martos P, Marin-Casanova P, Rodriguez-Iglesias M. Otomycosis due to Filamentous Fungi. Mycopathologia. 2011; 172: 307–310.
[32] Kurnatowski P, Filipiak A. Otomycosis: prevalence, clinical symptoms, therapeutic procedure. Mycoses. 2001; 44: 472—9.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Zohair Ait Ouzdi, Yassine Ahroui, Yassin Zemrani, Youssef Darouassi, Haddou Ammar, et al. (2019). Epidemiology of Otomycosis at the Military Hospital Avicenne of Marrakech (Morocco). Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 3(1), 19-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20190301.14

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Zohair Ait Ouzdi; Yassine Ahroui; Yassin Zemrani; Youssef Darouassi; Haddou Ammar, et al. Epidemiology of Otomycosis at the Military Hospital Avicenne of Marrakech (Morocco). Pathol. Lab. Med. 2019, 3(1), 19-22. doi: 10.11648/j.plm.20190301.14

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Zohair Ait Ouzdi, Yassine Ahroui, Yassin Zemrani, Youssef Darouassi, Haddou Ammar, et al. Epidemiology of Otomycosis at the Military Hospital Avicenne of Marrakech (Morocco). Pathol Lab Med. 2019;3(1):19-22. doi: 10.11648/j.plm.20190301.14

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.plm.20190301.14,
      author = {Zohair Ait Ouzdi and Yassine Ahroui and Yassin Zemrani and Youssef Darouassi and Haddou Ammar and El Mostafa El Mezouari and Redouane Moutaj},
      title = {Epidemiology of Otomycosis at the Military Hospital Avicenne of Marrakech (Morocco)},
      journal = {Pathology and Laboratory Medicine},
      volume = {3},
      number = {1},
      pages = {19-22},
      doi = {10.11648/j.plm.20190301.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20190301.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plm.20190301.14},
      abstract = {Otomycosis is a fungal infection mainly affecting the outer ear, but can spread to the in nerear and become severe. The disease can cause a serious damage for its recurrence and resistance to treatment. The purpose of this work is to determine the prevalence of otomycosis in first place, then in second place to specify the contributing factors and to describe the spectrum of fungi involved. We conducted a prospective study over a period of 6 months between March 2018 and August 2018 in laboratory of parasitology and mycology at the Military Hospital Avicenna of Marrakech. Fore ach patient we performed an atrial sampling with sterile swabs. A direct examination and culture on Sabouraud-Chloramphenicol media with and without cycloheximide were carried out. The identification of fungi was based on the macroscopic, microscopic and phenotypic characteristics of colonies. Our study included 67 patients, of which 28 were positive, giving an overall prevalence of 41% with female predominance. The average age of our patients was 40 years old. Many factors enhanced the otomycosis, the daily cleaning of the external ear canal was the most recurrent factor (46%), followed by frequent bathing (35%). The most common species were Aspergillus niger (46%), Aspergillus flavus (35%), and Candida albicans (17%). This study demonstrates the importance of otomycosis in the etiologies of otitis in our population. The management of these infections must include a mycological study in order to establish an antifungal therapy adapted to the pathogen.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Epidemiology of Otomycosis at the Military Hospital Avicenne of Marrakech (Morocco)
    AU  - Zohair Ait Ouzdi
    AU  - Yassine Ahroui
    AU  - Yassin Zemrani
    AU  - Youssef Darouassi
    AU  - Haddou Ammar
    AU  - El Mostafa El Mezouari
    AU  - Redouane Moutaj
    Y1  - 2019/09/18
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20190301.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.plm.20190301.14
    T2  - Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
    JF  - Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
    JO  - Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
    SP  - 19
    EP  - 22
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-4478
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20190301.14
    AB  - Otomycosis is a fungal infection mainly affecting the outer ear, but can spread to the in nerear and become severe. The disease can cause a serious damage for its recurrence and resistance to treatment. The purpose of this work is to determine the prevalence of otomycosis in first place, then in second place to specify the contributing factors and to describe the spectrum of fungi involved. We conducted a prospective study over a period of 6 months between March 2018 and August 2018 in laboratory of parasitology and mycology at the Military Hospital Avicenna of Marrakech. Fore ach patient we performed an atrial sampling with sterile swabs. A direct examination and culture on Sabouraud-Chloramphenicol media with and without cycloheximide were carried out. The identification of fungi was based on the macroscopic, microscopic and phenotypic characteristics of colonies. Our study included 67 patients, of which 28 were positive, giving an overall prevalence of 41% with female predominance. The average age of our patients was 40 years old. Many factors enhanced the otomycosis, the daily cleaning of the external ear canal was the most recurrent factor (46%), followed by frequent bathing (35%). The most common species were Aspergillus niger (46%), Aspergillus flavus (35%), and Candida albicans (17%). This study demonstrates the importance of otomycosis in the etiologies of otitis in our population. The management of these infections must include a mycological study in order to establish an antifungal therapy adapted to the pathogen.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Military Hospital Avicenne, Marrakech, Morocco

  • Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Military Hospital Avicenne, Marrakech, Morocco

  • Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Military Hospital Avicenne, Marrakech, Morocco

  • Department Otorhinolaryngology, Military Hospital Avicenne, Marrakech, Morocco

  • Department Otorhinolaryngology, Military Hospital Avicenne, Marrakech, Morocco

  • Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Military Hospital Avicenne, Marrakech, Morocco

  • Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Military Hospital Avicenne, Marrakech, Morocco

  • Sections