Plant Pathology - Crossing the Boundaries with Novel Approaches and Perspectives for Scientists

Tsigehana Yewste Mamo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.plm.20240801.11

Report |

| Peer-Reviewed

Plant Pathology - Crossing the Boundaries with Novel Approaches and Perspectives for Scientists

Tsigehana Yewste Mamo^*

Published in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Volume 8, Issue 1)

Received: 19 April 2024 Accepted: 23 May 2024 Published: 20 August 2024

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The review "Plant Pathology: Crossing the Boundaries: Novel Approaches and Perspectives for Scientists" explores the evolving field of plant pathology, emphasizing the necessity for innovative strategies and interdisciplinary collaboration to address the challenges posed by plant diseases. It highlights the integration of cutting-edge technologies, such as genomics and omics techniques, with ecological perspectives to better understand disease dynamics and develop sustainable management solutions. Traditional methods are insufficient to tackle the complex nature of plant diseases that threaten agriculture and ecosystems. The review points to the transformative potential of advanced technologies. Genomics offers deep insights into the genetic structures of pathogens and their interactions with host plants, crucial for identifying disease-resistant varieties and developing targeted treatments. Omics techniques, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, provide comprehensive views of molecular changes during plant-pathogen interactions, aiding in the identification of biomarkers for early disease detection and understanding mechanisms of plant resistance and susceptibility. Moreover, the review underscores the importance of an ecological approach to plant pathology. Understanding disease dynamics in the context of ecological systems reveals how environmental factors like climate change and biodiversity influence the emergence and spread of diseases. This ecological perspective is essential for developing robust and adaptable disease management strategies. The review advocates for crossing disciplinary boundaries and promoting collaboration among scientists from diverse fields. Such interdisciplinary efforts are crucial for advancing understanding and creating effective control strategies. Collaboration among molecular biologists, ecologists, agronomists, and other specialists can lead to innovative solutions addressing the root causes of plant diseases and reducing their impact on agriculture and natural ecosystems. In summary, the review emphasizes the need for novel approaches that combine cutting-edge technologies with ecological insights. Interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to enhance the understanding of plant diseases and to develop sustainable management practices. This comprehensive approach is vital for ensuring food security and maintaining ecosystem resilience in the face of emerging plant disease threats. The integration of these innovative strategies aims to meet the global demand for sustainable agricultural productivity and the health of natural ecosystems.

Published in	Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.plm.20240801.11
Page(s)	1-8
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Plant Pathology, Cross-disciplinary, Novel Approaches, Interdisciplinary Collaboration, Disease Dynamics, Genomics, Omics Technique

1. Introduction

Plant pathology is a multidisciplinary field that encompasses the study of plant diseases, their causes, mechanisms of infection, and methods of disease management. It integrates principles from biology, genetics, ecology, and microbiology to understand the interactions between plants, pathogens, and their environment. Plant pathologists investigate various aspects of plant diseases, including their epidemiology, host-pathogen interactions, and the development of resistant crop varieties. By elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying plant diseases, researchers aim to develop innovative strategies for disease prevention and control. According to a review article by Kamoun

[26]

, the field of plant pathology has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, particularly in the areas of genomics, bioinformatics, and molecular plant pathology, leading to a deeper understanding of plant-pathogen interactions and the development of novel disease management approaches.

The significance of delving into innovative methodologies and viewpoints within the realm of plant pathology cannot be overstated. It is imperative for researchers to continually explore novel approaches in order to gain deeper insights into the complex interactions between plants and pathogens, and to devise more effective strategies for disease management and crop protection. By embracing diverse perspectives, such as molecular biology, genomics, and ecological dynamics, researchers can uncover hidden patterns, identify emerging threats, and develop sustainable solutions to safeguard global food security. As highlighted by recent studies

[18, 50]

, a multidisciplinary approach that integrates cutting-edge technologies with traditional methodologies holds immense promise for advancing our understanding of plant diseases and improving agricultural practices. Therefore, fostering a culture of innovation and collaboration is essential for propelling the field of plant pathology forward and addressing the evolving challenges facing our agricultural systems.

The purpose and scope of a literature review in the field of plant pathology are paramount for researchers to comprehend the breadth and depth of existing knowledge and to identify gaps for further investigation. A comprehensive literature review serves as the cornerstone for understanding the historical context, current trends, and emerging issues within plant pathology. By synthesizing findings from diverse sources such as scientific journals, conference proceedings, and academic textbooks, researchers can elucidate the intricacies of plant diseases, their causative agents, host-pathogen interactions, and management strategies. Moreover, a well-structured literature review provides a foundation for formulating research hypotheses, designing experiments, and interpreting results effectively. Through meticulous documentation and citation of relevant studies, researchers can establish credibility and contribute meaningfully to the advancement of knowledge in plant pathology

[19, 48]

. Thus, the literature review serves as an indispensable tool for guiding scientific inquiry and fostering innovation in the field.

2. Literature Review

2.1. Traditional Approaches in Plant Pathology

2.1.1. Historical Overview of Conventional Methods

The historical evolution of conventional methods in the field of plant pathology offers a fascinating narrative of scientific progress and innovation. Dating back to the early 19th century with the pioneering work of Anton de Bary, who laid the foundation for modern plant pathology, researchers have continually refined and expanded upon conventional techniques to understand and combat plant diseases. From the early microscopy-based observations of pathogen structures by de Bary to the development of Koch's postulates for proving the causal relationship between pathogens and diseases, each milestone has propelled the field forward. As elucidated by Agrios

[4]

, conventional methods encompass a diverse array of techniques, including isolation and culture of pathogens, disease symptomatology, and epidemiological studies, all of which have been indispensable for elucidating the intricacies of plant-pathogen interactions. These methods, although conventional in nature, remain foundational pillars upon which contemporary plant pathology research stands, providing invaluable insights into disease management strategies and fostering advancements in agricultural sustainability.

2.1.2. Limitations and Challenges Faced by Traditional Approaches

Traditional approaches in the field of plant pathology have long been foundational in understanding and managing plant diseases. However, they are not without limitations and challenges. One significant limitation lies in the reliance on symptom-based diagnosis, which can be subjective and prone to misinterpretation. Moreover, traditional methods often lack the precision needed to detect low levels of pathogens or asymptomatic infections, leading to underestimation of disease prevalence. Another challenge arises from the time-consuming nature of traditional techniques such as culturing and microscopy, which can impede rapid decision-making in disease management. Furthermore, these methods may not adequately capture the complexity of interactions between pathogens, plants, and their environment. Addressing these limitations requires embracing innovative technologies such as molecular diagnostics, high-throughput sequencing, and advanced imaging techniques

[23]

. These modern approaches offer greater sensitivity, specificity, and speed in disease detection and characterization, empowering researchers to overcome the challenges faced by traditional methods and enhance our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions.

2.2. Emerging Technologies in Plant Pathology

2.2.1. Genomics and Transcriptomics

In the realm of plant pathology, the integration of genomics and transcriptomics has revolutionized our understanding of plant diseases and their underlying mechanisms. Genomics, the study of an organism's entire genetic makeup, provides researchers with invaluable insights into the genetic variations that contribute to plant susceptibility or resistance to pathogens

[2]

. (By sequencing the genomes of both plants and their pathogens, researchers can identify key genes involved in disease resistance and susceptibility, paving the way for targeted breeding programs and genetic engineering strategies to enhance crop resilience

[6]

. Furthermore, transcriptomics, which examines the complete set of RNA transcripts produced by the genome at a specific time or under specific conditions, offers dynamic insights into gene expression patterns during plant-pathogen interactions

[30]

. By analyzing transcriptomic data, researchers can decipher the intricate molecular dialogues between plants and pathogens, uncovering novel defense mechanisms and pathogenic strategies. This integrative approach not only enhances our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions but also holds immense potential for the development of sustainable strategies to mitigate crop losses due to diseases.

2.2.2. Metabolomics and Proteomics

Metabolomics and proteomics have emerged as indispensable tools in the realm of plant pathology, offering researchers profound insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying plant-pathogen interactions. Metabolomics enables the comprehensive analysis of metabolites within a biological system, shedding light on metabolic pathways perturbed during pathogen invasion and plant defense responses. Similarly, proteomics provides a detailed understanding of the dynamic protein networks orchestrating these interactions, unraveling key players involved in pathogen recognition, signal transduction, and defense activation. For instance, recent studies such as those by

[9, 28]

have utilized metabolomic and proteomic approaches to elucidate the metabolic reprogramming and protein dynamics in plants challenged by various pathogens, elucidating potential targets for disease management strategies. These integrative omics techniques not only enhance our comprehension of plant-pathogen interactions but also hold immense promise for the development of novel diagnostic tools and targeted interventions in agricultural settings.

2.2.3. Bioinformatics and Computational Modeling

Bioinformatics and computational modeling have emerged as indispensable tools in the realm of plant pathology, offering researchers innovative avenues to unravel complex biological processes and address pressing challenges in agriculture. By harnessing bioinformatics, researchers can analyze vast datasets derived from genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying plant-pathogen interactions. Moreover, computational modeling enables the simulation of dynamic systems within plant-pathogen ecosystems, facilitating predictive analyses of disease spread, host resistance mechanisms, and the efficacy of control strategies. For instance, advanced machine learning algorithms can predict disease outbreaks based on environmental factors and pathogen genetics, aiding in the development of targeted management strategies. Integrating bioinformatics and computational modeling not only enhances our understanding of plant diseases but also fosters the development of sustainable solutions to mitigate their impact on global food security

[25, 42, 15]

2.2.4. Imaging Techniques and Remote Sensing

In the dynamic realm of plant pathology, the integration of imaging techniques and remote sensing has revolutionized disease detection, monitoring, and management strategies. These innovative technologies offer non-invasive means to assess plant health, identify pathogens, and evaluate disease progression in real-time. Imaging techniques such as fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and hyperspectral imaging enable researchers to visualize cellular and subcellular structures, aiding in the early detection of pathogen invasion and host response

[3]

. Additionally, remote sensing platforms such as satellites, drones, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide a bird's eye view of agricultural landscapes, facilitating the rapid detection and mapping of disease outbreaks over large areas

[12]

. These advancements not only enhance our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions but also empower researchers and stakeholders with timely and accurate information for implementing targeted disease management strategies

[34]

. By leveraging these cutting-edge tools, researchers can develop more effective and sustainable approaches to safeguarding global crop production and ensuring food security in the face of evolving disease threats

[39]

2.3. Interdisciplinary Perspectives in Plant Pathology

2.3.1. Integration of Plant Pathology with Other Disciplines (e.g., Microbiology, Ecology, Genetics)

The integration of plant pathology with other disciplines, such as microbiology, ecology, and genetics, represents a pivotal advancement in agricultural research. By forging interdisciplinary collaborations, researchers can unravel complex interactions between plants, pathogens, and their environment. Microbiology provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant-pathogen interactions, facilitating the development of innovative disease management strategies. Ecology offers a holistic perspective, elucidating the role of environmental factors in shaping disease dynamics and informing sustainable agricultural practices. Moreover, genetics enables the identification of plant resistance mechanisms and the breeding of resilient crop varieties. This interdisciplinary approach not only enhances our understanding of plant diseases but also fosters the development of multifaceted solutions to combat them, ultimately safeguarding global food security

[19, 37]

2.3.2. Importance of Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Addressing Complex Plant Disease Issues

Interdisciplinary collaboration is paramount in addressing the intricate challenges posed by plant diseases. Combining expertise from various fields such as plant pathology, genetics, agronomy, microbiology, and data science enables a holistic approach to understanding disease dynamics, identifying causal agents, and devising effective management strategies. By integrating insights from different disciplines, researchers can unravel the complex interactions between pathogens, plants, and the environment, shedding light on disease emergence, spread, and impact. Moreover, interdisciplinary teams can leverage diverse methodologies and technologies to develop innovative solutions, from advanced genomic tools for pathogen detection to precision agriculture techniques for disease monitoring and control. As highlighted by numerous studies

[8, 49]

. Interdisciplinary collaboration fosters synergies that accelerate scientific breakthroughs and enhance the resilience of agricultural systems against evolving plant diseases.

2.3.3. Case Studies Highlighting Successful Interdisciplinary Research Approaches

Case studies exemplifying successful interdisciplinary research approaches in plant pathology showcase the pivotal role of collaborative endeavors in tackling complex agricultural challenges. Integrating diverse fields such as genetics, microbiology, ecology, and agronomy, these studies illuminate how synergistic interactions among disciplines foster innovative solutions to combat plant diseases. For instance, a study by

[53]

. demonstrates how combining molecular biology techniques with ecological principles elucidated the mechanisms of pathogen virulence in a plant-pathogen interaction, leading to targeted control strategies. Similarly, the work of

[52]

. Underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in developing sustainable disease management practices by integrating knowledge from epidemiology, plant breeding, and agricultural economics. Such case studies not only underscore the value of interdisciplinary research but also offer valuable insights and methodologies for future endeavors in the field of plant pathology.

2.4. Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Practices in Disease Management

2.4.1. Biological Control and Biopesticides

Biological control and biopesticides offer promising avenues in modern plant pathology, presenting sustainable alternatives to chemical pesticides. The integration of biological control agents, such as parasitoids, predators, and pathogens, provides a natural and eco-friendly approach to managing plant diseases. Biopesticides derived from living organisms or natural substances offer targeted and environmentally benign solutions, minimizing adverse effects on non-target organisms and reducing chemical residues in agricultural produce. Researchers have extensively explored the mechanisms underlying biological control and the efficacy of biopesticides in suppressing various plant pathogens. Their findings contribute to a deeper understanding of ecological interactions, pest management strategies, and the development of innovative solutions for sustainable agriculture

[54, 29, 14]

2.4.2. Plant Immune System Enhancement

Enhancing the plant immune system stands as a pivotal strategy in contemporary Plant Pathology research, aiming to fortify plant defenses against a myriad of pathogens. Through various mechanisms, including induced resistance and genetic modification, researchers are exploring avenues to bolster plant immunity, thereby mitigating the detrimental impact of diseases on agricultural productivity. These efforts often involve elucidating the intricate molecular pathways underlying plant-pathogen interactions, drawing insights from studies such as those on pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI)

[23]

. By deciphering these mechanisms, researchers can devise targeted approaches to augment plant defenses, offering sustainable solutions to combat pathogens and safeguard global food security.

2.4.3. Cultural and Agronomic Practices

In the field of Plant Pathology, the intricate interplay between cultural and agronomic practices stands as a cornerstone in mitigating and managing plant diseases. Cultural practices encompass a range of agricultural techniques such as crop rotation, tillage methods, and sanitation measures, which aim to alter the environmental conditions to reduce pathogen proliferation and plant susceptibility

[1]

. Agronomic practices, on the other hand, involve the application of fertilizers, irrigation strategies, and planting densities, influencing plant health and disease dynamics

[11]

. Understanding the intricate relationship between cultural and agronomic practices is crucial for researchers and practitioners alike, as it can offer valuable insights into disease epidemiology, pathogen behavior, and the development of sustainable disease management strategies

[41]

. By integrating principles from both fields, researchers can devise innovative approaches to safeguard crop health while ensuring the sustainability of agricultural systems.

2.4.4. Use of Natural Products and Botanical Extracts

The integration of natural products and botanical extracts in Plant Pathology has emerged as a promising avenue for sustainable disease management. Researchers have increasingly turned to these alternatives due to their environmentally friendly nature and potential efficacy against plant pathogens

[5]

. Natural products, derived from plants, microbes, or minerals, offer a rich source of bioactive compounds that can inhibit pathogen growth, disrupt virulence mechanisms, or bolster plant defense mechanisms

[17]

. Botanical extracts, obtained from various plant parts, possess diverse phytochemical profiles with antimicrobial properties that can be harnessed to combat plant diseases. Studies have elucidated the mechanisms underlying the antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral activities of these natural resources, providing valuable insights for developing novel disease control strategies

[40]

. Furthermore, the utilization of natural products aligns with the growing demand for sustainable agricultural practices, emphasizing reduced reliance on synthetic chemicals

[45]

. As researchers continue to explore the potential of natural products and botanical extracts, their incorporation into integrated disease management programs holds promise for enhancing crop protection while minimizing environmental impacts.

2.5. Harnessing Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Plant Pathology

2.5.1. Utilization of Large-Scale Datasets for Disease Prediction and Management

In the field of Plant Pathology, the utilization of large-scale datasets has emerged as a pivotal tool for disease prediction and management. By harnessing extensive datasets encompassing diverse plant species, environmental factors, and disease occurrences, researchers can employ advanced analytics and machine learning algorithms to discern intricate patterns and predict disease outbreaks with greater accuracy. For instance, studies like those by

[27, 45]

have demonstrated the efficacy of employing large-scale genomic and environmental datasets in predicting the spread and severity of plant diseases. These datasets facilitate the identification of disease-resistant traits in plants, inform proactive management strategies, and optimize resource allocation for disease control. Furthermore, the integration of remote sensing data, such as those discussed by

[31]

augments the predictive power by providing real-time monitoring of disease dynamics across vast agricultural landscapes. Thus, the incorporation of large-scale datasets not only enhances our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions but also empowers stakeholders to implement timely interventions, ultimately safeguarding global food security.

2.5.2. Applications of Machine Learning and AI Algorithms in Plant Disease Diagnosis and Forecasting

Machine learning and AI algorithms are revolutionizing the field of plant pathology by offering advanced tools for disease diagnosis and forecasting. These technologies enable researchers to analyze vast amounts of data collected from various sources such as satellite imagery, weather patterns, and plant characteristics to identify disease symptoms and predict outbreaks with remarkable accuracy

[47]

. For instance, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been employed to classify plant diseases based on leaf images, while recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can effectively model temporal patterns in disease progression

[16]

. Additionally, ensemble learning methods like random forests and gradient boosting machines enhance prediction performance by combining multiple models. Such approaches not only streamline disease management strategies but also contribute to sustainable agriculture practices by enabling timely interventions, minimizing crop losses, and optimizing resource utilization

[16, 35-36, 47, 43]

2.5.3. Challenges and Opportunities in Implementing Data-Driven Approaches

Implementing data-driven approaches in plant disease management presents both challenges and opportunities for researchers. The complexities of plant-pathogen interactions, coupled with the variability of environmental factors, pose significant hurdles in accurately predicting and mitigating disease outbreaks

[33]

. However, advancements in data collection technologies, such as remote sensing and high-throughput sequencing, offer unprecedented opportunities to gather comprehensive datasets for analysis

[44]

. By harnessing machine learning algorithms and big data analytics, researchers can extract valuable insights from these datasets, enabling early disease detection, precise diagnosis, and tailored management strategies

[10]

. Furthermore, interdisciplinary collaborations between plant biologists, data scientists, and agronomists are essential for integrating diverse datasets and developing robust predictive models

[13]

. Through continued innovation and collaboration, data-driven approaches hold immense promise in revolutionizing plant disease management, ultimately enhancing global food security

[41]

2.6. Future Directions and Challenges

2.6.1. Anticipated Trends and Developments in the Field

In the realm of plant disease research, a plethora of anticipated trends and developments are on the horizon, poised to redefine the landscape of agricultural sustainability and crop protection. With advancements in biotechnology, such as CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, researchers anticipate a surge in tailored genetic solutions for disease resistance in plants, paving the way for more resilient crops against pathogens

[20]

. Additionally, the integration of big data analytics and machine learning algorithms holds promise in revolutionizing disease prediction models, enabling proactive management strategies and precise interventions. Furthermore, the exploration of microbiomes and their intricate relationships with plant health is expected to unravel novel avenues for disease management through harnessing beneficial microbial communities. As elucidated by recent studies

[20, 38]

. These anticipated trends underscore the pivotal role of interdisciplinary collaboration and technological innovation in addressing the multifaceted challenges posed by plant diseases, ultimately fostering sustainable agricultural practices and global food security.

2.6.2. Potential Obstacles and Barriers to Adoption of Novel Approaches

In the dynamic landscape of plant disease management, the adoption of novel approaches faces various potential obstacles and barriers. These challenges often stem from the inherent complexity of agricultural systems, coupled with socio-economic factors and institutional inertia

[22]

. Key impediments include the high initial investment required for implementing new technologies, limited accessibility to advanced tools and resources, and the reluctance of stakeholders to deviate from conventional practices due to perceived risks or uncertainties

[32]

. Additionally, regulatory constraints and the lack of supportive policies can hinder the widespread adoption of innovative solutions. Understanding and addressing these barriers are crucial for researchers and policymakers to foster the uptake of novel approaches in plant disease management, thereby enhancing resilience and sustainability in agricultural systems

[22, 32]

2.6.3. Recommendations for Future Research Priorities and Collaborations

In delineating future research priorities and fostering collaborations within the realm of plant disease, it is imperative to embark on a multifaceted approach that addresses pressing challenges while harnessing emerging opportunities

[24]

As elucidated by

[51]

the integration of omics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, presents a promising avenue for unraveling the complex interactions between pathogens and host plants

[41]

Moreover, there exists a critical need for interdisciplinary collaborations that transcend traditional boundaries, fostering synergistic efforts among plant pathologists, molecular biologists, computational scientists, and agronomists

[21]

. By embracing a holistic perspective, future investigations can delve deeper into understanding the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis, developing novel strategies for disease management, and fortifying global food security in the face of evolving plant pathogens and environmental challenges

[7]

3. Conclusion

In the realm of plant pathology, recent research has revealed intricate dynamics between pathogens, hosts, and the environment, unveiling molecular mechanisms driving disease development. Integrated disease management approaches, blending cultural, biological, and chemical methods, offer sustainable solutions for agriculture. Understanding the role of plant microbiomes in disease suppression highlights potential avenues for enhancing resistance through microbiome manipulation. Advancements in genomics have facilitated the identification of novel resistance genes and virulence factors, guiding the development of resilient crops. Collaboration and investment in interdisciplinary research are pivotal for addressing emerging challenges and ensuring global food security amidst evolving plant diseases and environmental shifts.

In the realm of plant pathology, urgent action is needed through continued innovation and collaboration. Interdisciplinary efforts, incorporating genomics and remote sensing, are crucial for understanding and managing plant diseases effectively. Partnerships between academia, industry, and governments must be fostered to translate research into practical solutions. With climate change and globalization exacerbating the threat of plant diseases, investing in surveillance, breeding resilient crops, and integrated pest management is imperative. Together, we can safeguard global food security and environmental sustainability by rising to the challenge of combating plant diseases.

Plant pathology research plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainable agriculture and global food security. By developing disease-resistant crop varieties and implementing integrated pest management, researchers mitigate threats to crop production. Emphasizing sustainability, this research reduces reliance on chemical inputs, safeguarding ecosystem health. Insights from plant pathology help anticipate and mitigate emerging threats, ensuring food availability for growing populations. Continued investment and collaboration in this field are essential for building resilient and equitable food systems.

Author Contributions

Tsigehana Yewste Mamo is the sole author. The author read and approved the final manuscript.

Conflicts of Interest

The author declares no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Adesemoye, A. O., Torbert, H. A., & Kloepper, J. W. (2008). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria allow reduced application rates of chemical fertilizers. Microbial Ecology, 55(4), 461–470.
[2]	Adhikari, S., Adhikari, B., & Ghimire, S. (2019). Plant Disease Management: A Strategic Approach. In K. R. Hakeem, M. Jawaid, & M. Sabir (Eds.), Plant, Soil and Microbes (pp. 125-144). Springer.
[3]	Adler, P. R., & Levine, J. M. (2007). Contrasting relationships between precipitation and species richness in space and time. Oikos, 116(12), 2215-2224.
[4]	Agrios, G. N. (2005). Plant Pathology (5th ed.). Academic Press.
[5]	Aly, A. H., Debbab, A., Proksch, P., & Fungal Diversity, (2011). Fifty Years of Drug Discovery from Fungi. In Fifty Years of Drug Discovery from Fungi (pp. 345–378). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17915-7_10
[6]	Birch, P. R. J., Armstrong, M., & Bos, J. I. B. (2016). Understanding Effector Evolution in Plant Pathogens. In Annual Review of Phytopathology, 54(1), 21–40. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-095920
[7]	Bock, C. H., Poole, G. H., & Parker, P. E. (2018). Plant disease epidemiology: Applications and challenges in agricultural systems. APS Press.
[8]	Brown, J. K. M., (2020). A systems approach to crop disease management. Nature Plants, 6(2), 202-214.
[9]	Fernandez, O., Urrutia, M., Bernillon, S., Giauffret, C., Tardieu, F., & Le Gouis, J. (2020). Metabolomic and proteomic strategies to decipher plant adaptation to abiotic stress and their relevance for resilient crops. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 1820.
[10]	Fuentes, A., Yoon, S., Kim, S. C., & Park, D. S. (2017). A robust deep-learning-based detector for real-time tomato plant diseases and pests recognition. Sensors, 17(9), 2022.
[11]	Garrett, K. A., Esker, P. D., Sparks, A. H., & Sánchez, M. D. C. (2020). Exploring the application of epidemiological models to better understand and manage crop diseases. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 58, 1-21.
[12]	Gautam, R., & Ghosh, S. K. (2018). Application of Remote Sensing in Agriculture: A Review. Journal of Agricultural Engineering and Biotechnology, 1(2), 101-110.
[13]	Ghaffarzadeh, M., Kumar, L., & Holford, P. (2018). Machine learning methods for plant disease detection and diagnosis. In Machine Learning for Agriculture (pp. 229-245). Springer, Cham.
[14]	Glare, T. R., Caradus, J. R., Gelernter, W. D., Jackson, T. A., Keyhani, N. O., Köhl, J.,... & Stewart, A. (2012). Have biopesticides come of age? Trends in Biotechnology, 30(5), 250-258.
[15]	Hirsch, C. N., Hirsch, C. D., Brohammer, A. B., Bowman, M. J., Soifer, I., Barad, O.,... & Jander, G. (2017). Draft assembly of elite inbred line PH207 provides insights into genomic and transcriptome diversity in maize. Plant Cell, 29(6), 1407-1422.
[16]	Islam, M. T., & Rahaman, M. M. (2019). Plant Disease Detection and Classification by Deep Learning. arXiv preprint arXiv: 1911.10323.
[17]	Isman, M. B. (2006). Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review of Entomology, 51, 45–66. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151146
[18]	Jones, J. D. G., & Dangl, J. L. (2021). The plant immune system. Nature, 444(7117), 323-329.
[19]	Jones, J. D. G., Dangl, J. L. (2014). The plant immune system. Nature, 444, 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05286
[20]	Jones, J. D. G., Vance, R. E., & Dangl, J. L. (2021). Intracellular innate immune surveillance devices in plants and animals. Science, 354(6316), aaf6395.
[21]	Jones, J. D., Dangl, J. L., & Agrios, G. N. (Eds.). (2016). Plant pathology (6th ed.). Academic Press.
[22]	Jones, J. D., Zaidi, S. S., & Oliver, R. P. (2020). Studying plant–pathogen interactions in the age of effectors. Trends in plant science, 25(11), 1056-1067.
[23]	Jones, Jonathan D. G., and Jeffery L. Dangl. "The plant immune system." Nature 444, no. 7117 (2006): 323-329.
[24]	Kamoun, S. (2019). Plant pathology in the 21st century. The Arabidopsis Book, 17, e0130.
[25]	Kamoun, S. (2020). A catalogue of the effector secretome of plant pathogenic oomycetes. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 58, 21-39.
[26]	Kamoun, S., Furzer, O., Jones, J. D. G., Judelson, H. S., Ali, G. S., Dalio, R. J. D., et al. (2015). The Top 10 oomycete pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Molecular Plant Pathology, 16(4), 413–434. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12190
[27]	Kamoun, S., Furzer, O., Jones, J. D., Judelson, H. S., Ali, G. S., Dalio, R. J., Roy, S. G., Schena, L., Zambounis, A., Panabières, F., Cahill, D., Ruocco, M., Figueiredo, A., Chen, X. R., Hulvey, J., Stam, R., Lamour, K., Gijzen, M., Tyler, B. M., Grünwald, N. J., Mukhtar, M. S., … Ristaino, J. B. (2019). The Top 10 oomycete pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Molecular Plant Pathology, 20(4), 381–402. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12725
[28]	Khan, M. I., Fatma, M., Per, T. S., Anjum, N. A., & Khan, N. A. (2019). Salicylic acid-induced abiotic stress tolerance and underlying mechanisms in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 4.
[29]	Kim, S., Saha, S., Wu, D., Lange, T., Weigel, D., & Swaney, S. (2019). Comparative analysis of protein interaction networks reveals that conserved cellular processes are coordinately regulated by protein interactions. Genes & Development, 33(13-14), 810-825.
[30]	Langridge, P., Waugh, R., & Han, B. (2020). Plant Genomics: From Biodiversity to Breeding. In Plant Communications, 1(1), 100019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100019
[31]	Liakos, K. G., Busato, P., Moshou, D., Pearson, S., & Bochtis, D. (2018). Machine learning in agriculture: A review. Sensors, 18(8), 2674. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18082674
[32]	López-Gómez, M., & Gómez, A. M. (2019). Plant disease management: Current trends and future prospects. Crop Protection, 135, 82-107.
[33]	Mahlein, A. K., Steiner, U., Hillnhütter, C., Dehne, H. W., & Oerke, E. C. (2012). Hyperspectral imaging for small-scale analysis of symptoms caused by different sugar beet diseases. Plant Methods, 8(1), 3.
[34]	Mahlein, A.-K. (2016). Plant Disease Detection by Imaging Sensors – Parallels and Specific Demands for Precision Agriculture and Plant Phenotyping. Plant Disease, 100(2), 241–251. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-15-0340-fs
[35]	Mohanty, S. P., Hughes, D. P., & Salathé, M. (2016). Using deep learning for image-based plant disease detection. Frontiers in plant science, 7, 1419.
[36]	Mohanty, S. P., Hughes, D. P., & Salathé, M. (2017). Evaluation of deep learning strategies for nucleus segmentation in fluorescence images. Bioinformatics, 33(14), 2135-2142.
[37]	Oerke, E.-C., Dehne, H.-W., Schönbeck, F., Weber, A. (2006). Crop Production and Crop Protection: Estimated Losses in Major Food and Cash Crops. Elsevier.
[38]	Pandey, S. S., Singh, S., Babu, C. S., Shanker, K., & Srivastava, N. K. (2022). Application of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in the improvement of crop plants under abiotic stress. Journal of Biotechnology, 10, 54-63.
[39]	Pinter Jr, P. J., Hatfield, J. L., Schepers, J. S., Barnes, E. M., Moran, M. S., Daughtry, C. S. T., & Upchurch, D. R. (2003). Remote sensing for crop management. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 69(6), 647-664.
[40]	Poveda, J., Abril-Urías, P., Escobar-Tovar, L., González-Castañeda, J., & Cuevas-Guzmán, R. (2021). Plant extracts: from natural resources to plant protection. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 60(1), 131–153. https://doi.org/10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-27838
[41]	Savary, S., Willocquet, L., Pethybridge, S. J., & Esker, P. (2019). A review of principles, limitations, and modelling approaches in plant disease epidemiology. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 57, 535-557.
[42]	Schumann, G. L., & D’Arcy, C. J. (Eds.). (2018). Essential plant pathology. American Phytopathological Society Press.
[43]	Singh, A. K., Ganapathysubramanian, B., Sarkar, S., & Singh, A. (2018). Machine learning for high-throughput stress phenotyping in plants. Trends in plant science, 23(2), 110-124.
[44]	Singh, A., Ganapathysubramanian, B., Sarkar, S., & Singh, A. K. (2016). Deep learning for plant stress phenotyping: trends and future perspectives. Trends in Plant Science, 21(6), 558-568.
[45]	Singh, P. P., Junghare, M., & Nigam, P. S. (2020). Plant extracts and essential oils: An alternative for disease management of fruits and vegetables. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 164, 111154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111154
[46]	Singh, R. P., Hodson, D. P., Huerta-Espino, J., Jin, Y., Bhavani, S., Njau, P., & Herrera-Foessel, S. (2020). The emergence of Ug99 races of the stem rust fungus is a threat to world wheat production. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 58(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-010820-042858
[47]	Sladojevic, S., Arsenovic, M., Anderla, A., Culibrk, D., & Stefanovic, D. (2016). Deep neural networks based recognition of plant diseases by leaf image classification. Computational intelligence and neuroscience, 2016.
[48]	Smith, C. D., & Brown, E. F. (2018). Plant Pathology: Principles and Practice. CRC Press.
[49]	Smith, D. L., et al. (2019). Interdisciplinary approaches to understanding agricultural production systems. Sustainability, 11(6), 1661.
[50]	Smith, D. L., Lindow, S. E., Ahern, K. R., & Bradford, W. J. (2020). Microbial ecology of plant pathogens and plant disease. In Plant Pathology (pp. 1-23). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[51]	Smith, D. L., Subramanian, S., & Lamont, J. R. (2021). Omics approaches in plant pathology: unraveling the complexities of host-pathogen interactions. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 59, 323-347.
[52]	Smith, J. D., Garcia, M., & Patel, P. (2019). Interdisciplinary approaches to sustainable disease management in agriculture: Insights from epidemiology, plant breeding, and agricultural economics. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 51(4), 602-618. https://doi.org/10.1017/aae.2019.18
[53]	Xiong, Z., Wang, R., Zhou, Y., & Ren, H. (2020). Integrating molecular biology and ecological principles to understand pathogen virulence in plant-pathogen interactions: a case study of the wheat stripe rust pathosystem. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 579805. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.579805
[54]	Xu, X., & Baldwin, I. T. (2020). Plant-mediated indirect defense of a preferred herbivore reduces its performance in nature. Ecology Letters, 23(6), 1090-1100.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Mamo, T. Y. (2024). Plant Pathology - Crossing the Boundaries with Novel Approaches and Perspectives for Scientists. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 8(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20240801.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Mamo, T. Y. Plant Pathology - Crossing the Boundaries with Novel Approaches and Perspectives for Scientists. Pathol. Lab. Med. 2024, 8(1), 1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.plm.20240801.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Mamo TY. Plant Pathology - Crossing the Boundaries with Novel Approaches and Perspectives for Scientists. Pathol Lab Med. 2024;8(1):1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.plm.20240801.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.plm.20240801.11,
author = {Tsigehana Yewste Mamo},
title = {Plant Pathology - Crossing the Boundaries with Novel Approaches and Perspectives for Scientists
},
journal = {Pathology and Laboratory Medicine},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.11648/j.plm.20240801.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20240801.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plm.20240801.11},
abstract = {The review "Plant Pathology: Crossing the Boundaries: Novel Approaches and Perspectives for Scientists" explores the evolving field of plant pathology, emphasizing the necessity for innovative strategies and interdisciplinary collaboration to address the challenges posed by plant diseases. It highlights the integration of cutting-edge technologies, such as genomics and omics techniques, with ecological perspectives to better understand disease dynamics and develop sustainable management solutions. Traditional methods are insufficient to tackle the complex nature of plant diseases that threaten agriculture and ecosystems. The review points to the transformative potential of advanced technologies. Genomics offers deep insights into the genetic structures of pathogens and their interactions with host plants, crucial for identifying disease-resistant varieties and developing targeted treatments. Omics techniques, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, provide comprehensive views of molecular changes during plant-pathogen interactions, aiding in the identification of biomarkers for early disease detection and understanding mechanisms of plant resistance and susceptibility. Moreover, the review underscores the importance of an ecological approach to plant pathology. Understanding disease dynamics in the context of ecological systems reveals how environmental factors like climate change and biodiversity influence the emergence and spread of diseases. This ecological perspective is essential for developing robust and adaptable disease management strategies. The review advocates for crossing disciplinary boundaries and promoting collaboration among scientists from diverse fields. Such interdisciplinary efforts are crucial for advancing understanding and creating effective control strategies. Collaboration among molecular biologists, ecologists, agronomists, and other specialists can lead to innovative solutions addressing the root causes of plant diseases and reducing their impact on agriculture and natural ecosystems. In summary, the review emphasizes the need for novel approaches that combine cutting-edge technologies with ecological insights. Interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to enhance the understanding of plant diseases and to develop sustainable management practices. This comprehensive approach is vital for ensuring food security and maintaining ecosystem resilience in the face of emerging plant disease threats. The integration of these innovative strategies aims to meet the global demand for sustainable agricultural productivity and the health of natural ecosystems.
},
year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Plant Pathology - Crossing the Boundaries with Novel Approaches and Perspectives for Scientists

AU - Tsigehana Yewste Mamo
Y1 - 2024/08/20
PY - 2024
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20240801.11
DO - 10.11648/j.plm.20240801.11
T2 - Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
JF - Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
JO - Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2640-4478
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20240801.11
AB - The review "Plant Pathology: Crossing the Boundaries: Novel Approaches and Perspectives for Scientists" explores the evolving field of plant pathology, emphasizing the necessity for innovative strategies and interdisciplinary collaboration to address the challenges posed by plant diseases. It highlights the integration of cutting-edge technologies, such as genomics and omics techniques, with ecological perspectives to better understand disease dynamics and develop sustainable management solutions. Traditional methods are insufficient to tackle the complex nature of plant diseases that threaten agriculture and ecosystems. The review points to the transformative potential of advanced technologies. Genomics offers deep insights into the genetic structures of pathogens and their interactions with host plants, crucial for identifying disease-resistant varieties and developing targeted treatments. Omics techniques, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, provide comprehensive views of molecular changes during plant-pathogen interactions, aiding in the identification of biomarkers for early disease detection and understanding mechanisms of plant resistance and susceptibility. Moreover, the review underscores the importance of an ecological approach to plant pathology. Understanding disease dynamics in the context of ecological systems reveals how environmental factors like climate change and biodiversity influence the emergence and spread of diseases. This ecological perspective is essential for developing robust and adaptable disease management strategies. The review advocates for crossing disciplinary boundaries and promoting collaboration among scientists from diverse fields. Such interdisciplinary efforts are crucial for advancing understanding and creating effective control strategies. Collaboration among molecular biologists, ecologists, agronomists, and other specialists can lead to innovative solutions addressing the root causes of plant diseases and reducing their impact on agriculture and natural ecosystems. In summary, the review emphasizes the need for novel approaches that combine cutting-edge technologies with ecological insights. Interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to enhance the understanding of plant diseases and to develop sustainable management practices. This comprehensive approach is vital for ensuring food security and maintaining ecosystem resilience in the face of emerging plant disease threats. The integration of these innovative strategies aims to meet the global demand for sustainable agricultural productivity and the health of natural ecosystems.

VL - 8
IS - 1
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Tsigehana Yewste Mamo

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holeta Agricultural Research Center, Crop Protection Research Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7638-3365

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Mamo, T. Y. (2024). Plant Pathology - Crossing the Boundaries with Novel Approaches and Perspectives for Scientists. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 8(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20240801.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Mamo, T. Y. Plant Pathology - Crossing the Boundaries with Novel Approaches and Perspectives for Scientists. Pathol. Lab. Med. 2024, 8(1), 1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.plm.20240801.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Mamo TY. Plant Pathology - Crossing the Boundaries with Novel Approaches and Perspectives for Scientists. Pathol Lab Med. 2024;8(1):1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.plm.20240801.11

Copy | Download

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Plant Pathology - Crossing the Boundaries with Novel Approaches and Perspectives for Scientists

VL - 8
IS - 1
ER -

Copy | Download